The tire a deformable component which provides contact with the surface due to the information there is the loss of energy know as "Hysteresis losses". It is made up of rubber compounds, steel piles, beads, etc. The tire parameters have an effect on the tire properties; thus, result in compromise between the properties. Therefore, the manufactures/design engineer has to judge the tire properties based on the requirement of the vehicle performance. The tire is an intricate component of the vehicle and it affects the vehicle handling performance as it has contact between the vehicle and the road (effect of forces). Hence, the simulation model of the tire is developed and the results/performance is analysed before implementation. The tire transfer forces in the wheel plane under various conditions such as braking, driving. Fundamentally, the tire model used is based on the Magic Formula (Nonlinear) developed by Prof. Pacejka (Refer wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_B._Pacejka). Basically, the tires are classified into two categories: Cross-ply and Radial. These tires are classified based on the movement of the piles and cord, i.e., structural differences, flexibility, etc. Mostly, radial tires are preferred over the cross-ply tires due to their resistance towards the deformation during cornering, provides good ride comfort as posses higher flexibility and better fuel economy.
The outer part of the tire is cut into a specific tread pattern so-called a "tire profile" to guide the water away during wet conditions and to maintain good adherence to the contact surfaces. The tire manufactures have to meet certain requirements based on vehicle performance such as low rolling resistance, low hysteresis losses, good wear resistance, etc. As it is also responsible for the vehicle performance/handling characteristics and affects the response of the vehicle based on the type of the tire, i.e., tire properties.
In the next blog, we will discuss the basics of tire dynamics.
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